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Many studies have tried to estimate the world's sustainable population for humans, that is, the maximum population the world can host. [5] A 2004 meta-analysis of 69 such studies from 1694 until 2001 found the average predicted maximum number of people the Earth would ever have was 7.7 billion people, with lower and upper meta-bounds at 0.65 and 9.8 billion people, respectively.
The actual carrying capacity of the environment may fluctuate in the real world, which means that practically, MSY may actually vary from year to year [39] [40] [41] (annual sustainable yields and maximum average yield attempt to take this into account).
Population density (people per km 2) by country. This is a list of countries and dependencies ranked by population density, sorted by inhabitants per square kilometre or square mile. The list includes sovereign states and self-governing dependent territories based upon the ISO standard ISO 3166-1.
The current world population growth is approximately 1.09%. [5] People under 15 years of age made up over a quarter of the world population (25.18%), and people age 65 and over made up nearly ten percent (9.69%) in 2021. [5] The world's literacy rate has increased dramatically in the last 40 years, from 66.7% in 1979 to 86.3% today. [13]
Based on this, the UN projected that the world population, 8 billion as of 2023, would peak around the year 2086 at about 10.4 billion, and then start a slow decline, assuming a continuing decrease in the global average fertility rate from 2.5 births per woman during the 2015–2020 period to 1.8 by the year 2100 (the medium-variant projection).
At first, the population growth rate is fast, but it begins to slow as the population grows until it levels off to the maximum growth rate, after which it begins to decrease (figure 2). The equation for figure 2 is the differential of equation 1.1 ( Verhulst's 1838 growth model ): [ 13 ]
Some of the earliest academic papers on the subject were researching methods of sustainable fishing. Work of Russel et al. in 1931 observed in particular that ”it appears that the ideal of a stabilised fishery yielding a constant maximum value is impractical.” [1] This work was mostly theoretical. Practical work would begin later, performed ...
Peak oil – Point in time when the maximum rate of petroleum extraction is reached; Planetary boundaries – Limits not to be exceeded if humanity wants to survive in a safe ecosystem; Population bottleneck – Effects of a sharp reduction in numbers on the diversity and robustness of a population; Post-growth – Beyond optimum economic growth