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Bowel obstruction, also known as intestinal obstruction, is a mechanical or functional obstruction of the intestines which prevents the normal movement of the products of digestion. [2] [5] Either the small bowel or large bowel may be affected. [1] Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, vomiting, bloating and not passing gas. [1]
Bowel infarction or gangrenous bowel represents an irreversible injury to the intestine resulting from insufficient blood flow. It is considered a medical emergency because it can quickly result in life-threatening infection and death. [1] Any cause of bowel ischemia, the earlier reversible form of injury, may ultimately lead to infarction if ...
Occasionally the hole can be sewn closed while other times a bowel resection is required. [2] Even with maximum treatment the risk of death can be as high as 50%. [2] A hole from a stomach ulcer occurs in about 1 per 10,000 people per year, while one from diverticulitis occurs in about 0.4 per 10,000 people per year. [1] [4]
Those with severe ischemia who develop complications such as sepsis, intestinal gangrene, or bowel perforation may require more aggressive interventions such as surgery and intensive care. Most patients make a full recovery; occasionally, after severe ischemia, patients may develop long-term complications such as a stricture [ 7 ] or chronic ...
Sepsis, peritonitis, fistula [1] [2] Causes: Gynecological surgery, abdominal surgery, pelvic infection, appendicitis, inflammatory bowel disease [1] Diagnostic method: Blood tests, urine pregnancy test, blood and exudate culture, vaginal wet mount, medical imaging [1] Differential diagnosis
Clinical features mimic those seen with mechanical intestinal obstructions and can include abdominal pain, nausea, abdominal distension, vomiting, dysphagia and constipation [2] [3] depending upon the part of the gastrointestinal tract involved. It is a difficult condition to diagnose, requiring exclusion of any other mechanical cause of ...
Specific cause of abdominal compartment syndrome is not known, although some causes can be sepsis and severe abdominal trauma. Increasing pressure reduces blood flow to abdominal organs and impairs pulmonary, cardiovascular, renal, and gastro-intestinal (GI) function, causing obstructive shock, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and death. [4 ...
Micrograph of pseudomembranous colitis, a cause of toxic megacolon. H&E stain. Specialty: Gastroenterology: Symptoms: Swelling of the belly, Pain in the belly, Fever, Rapid heart rate, Shock, Diarrhea. [1] Complications: Septic shock, perforation of the colon: Risk factors: Chronic bowel disease: Prognosis: Fatal without treatment