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Rabies is present in more than 150 countries and on all continents but Antarctica. [1] More than 3 billion people live in regions of the world where rabies occurs. [1] A number of countries, including Australia and Japan, as well as much of Western Europe, do not have rabies among dogs. [17] [18] Many Pacific islands do not have rabies at all. [18]
Rabies has a long history of association with dogs. The first written record of rabies is in the Codex of Eshnunna (c. 1930 BC), which dictates that the owner of a dog showing symptoms of rabies should take preventive measure against bites. If a person was bitten by a rabid dog and later died, the owner was fined heavily.
Rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) is a medication made up of antibodies against the rabies virus. [10] It is used to prevent rabies following exposure. [10] It is given after the wound is cleaned with soap and water or povidone-iodine and is followed by a course of rabies vaccine. [10] It is given by injection into the site of the wound and into a ...
[7] Pseudorabies (Morbus Aujeszky) is an infectious disease that primarily affects swine, but can also cause a fatal disease in dogs with signs similar to rabies. [8] Canine minute virus is an infectious disease that can cause respiratory and gastrointestinal signs in young puppies. [9]
The dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) is a part of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in dogs, encoding genes in the MHC. The DLA and MHC system are interchangeable terms in canines. The MHC plays a critical role in the immune response system and consists of three regions: class I, class II and class III.
In 2023, in the European Union, in indigenous animals (excluding bats) there were a total of 71 cases of rabies, which were reported in three member states: 49 cases in Romania (28 cattle, 16 foxes, 4 dogs and 1 badger); 15 cases in Hungary (9 foxes, 3 dogs, 2 cattle and 1 cat); and 7 cases in Poland (6 foxes and 1 dog). The total number of ...
The rabies vaccine is a vaccine used to prevent rabies. [11] There are several rabies vaccines available that are both safe and effective. [11] Vaccinations must be administered prior to rabies virus exposure or within the latent period after exposure to prevent the disease. [12]
Vaccination of dogs is the practice of animal vaccination applied to dogs. Programs in this field have contributed both to the health of dogs and to the public health . In countries where routine rabies vaccination of dogs is practiced, for example, rabies in humans is reduced to a very rare event.