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The preliminary reference Earth model (PREM) plots the average of Earth's properties by depth. [1] It includes a table of Earth properties, including elastic properties, attenuation, density, pressure, and gravity. PREM has been widely used as the basis for seismic tomography and related global geophysical models. [2]
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Summer Insolation drive temperature responses that have an effect on the rate of melting and mass balance of the ice sheet. [16] For example, the dependence of ice volume on summer insolation can be represented with () = (), where I is ice volume, () is the rate of change of ice volume per unit of time, T is the response time of the ice sheet ...
A modern example of this difference in speed can be seen between the EMIC JUMP-LCM and the GCM MIROC4h; the former runs 63,000 times faster than the latter. [9] The decrease in required computing power allowed EMICs to run over longer model times, and thus include earth systems occupying the "slow domain".
This means that there are two types of water systems: Water Resource System (WRS) and Water Use System (WUS). A WRS, such as a river, an aquifer or a lake, must obey water balance. For example, the volume of water that goes into an aquifer must be equal to the amount that leaves it plus its change in storage.
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Consider a body (for example a fixed volume of atmosphere) moving along at a given latitude at velocity in the Earth's rotating reference frame. In the local reference frame of the body, the vertical direction is parallel to the radial vector pointing from the center of the Earth to the location of the body and the horizontal direction is perpendicular to this vertical direction and in the ...
In computer science, the earth mover's distance (EMD) [1] is a measure of dissimilarity between two frequency distributions, densities, or measures, over a metric space D.