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In The Death of Expertise, Nichols condemns what he describes as the many forces trying to undermine the authority of experts in the United States. He blames trends in higher education (such as focus on self-esteem and tolerance of narcissism leading to grade inflation and over-confidence in one's own abilities), the Internet, and the explosion of media options for the anti-expertise and anti ...
Narcissists can also have interpersonally exploitative behavior, be incredibly sensitive to criticism, embody a sense of entitlement, have an obsession with fantasies of unlimited success, power ...
Narcissistic leadership is a leadership style in which the leader is only interested in themself. A narcissistic leader's priority is that leader's own self – at the expense of their people/group members. This leader exhibits the characteristics of a narcissist: arrogance, dominance and hostility.
Narcissistic people, by compensation theory, mute the feelings of low self-esteem by self-aggrandizement, [4] for example by talking "highly", or contacting "highly admired" persons. Narcissistic children (according to Melanie Klein ) try to compensate for their jealousy and anger by fantasizing about power, beauty and richness.
Narcissistic defenses are among the earliest defense mechanisms to emerge, and include denial, distortion, and projection. [4] Splitting is another defense mechanism prevalent among individuals with narcissistic personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, and antisocial personality disorder—seeing people and situations in black and white terms, either as all bad or all good.
Narcissism can also create problems in the general workforce. For example, individuals high in narcissism inventories are more likely to engage in counterproductive behavior that harms organizations or other people in the workplace. [57] Aggressive (and counterproductive) behaviors tend to surface when self-esteem is threatened.
Healthy narcissism is a positive sense of self that is in alignment with the greater good. [1] [2] [3] The concept of healthy narcissism was first coined by Paul Federn and gained prominence in the 1970s through the research of Heinz Kohut and Otto Kernberg.
The narcissist sees the environment as a place that is hostile, unstable, unfulfilling, morally wrong, and unpredictable. Narcissists generally have no inherent sense of self-worth, so they rely on other people, via attention or narcissistic supply, to re-affirm their importance in order to feel good about themselves and maintain their self-esteem.