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These coatings are useful in situations where high transmission through a surface is unimportant or undesirable, but low reflectivity is required. They can produce very low reflectance with few layers, and can often be produced more cheaply, or at greater scale, than standard non-absorbing AR coatings. (See, for example, US Patent 5,091,244.)
The 1986 publication relates to amorphous materials, while the 1988 publication relates to crystalline. Subsequently, in 1991, their work was included as a chapter in The Handbook of Optical Constants. [3] The Forouhi–Bloomer dispersion equations describe how photons of varying energies interact with thin films.
High-reflection (HR) coatings work the opposite way to antireflection coatings. The general idea is usually based on the periodic layer system composed from two materials, one with a high index, such as zinc sulfide (n=2.32) or titanium dioxide (n=2.4), and one with a low index, such as magnesium fluoride (n=1.38) or silicon dioxide (n=1.49).
where E binding is the binding energy (BE) of the electron measured relative to the chemical potential, E photon is the energy of the X-ray photons being used, E kinetic is the kinetic energy of the electron as measured by the instrument and is a work function-like term for the specific surface of the material, which in real measurements ...
Architectural coatings [1] [2] or paints [3] are paints and other coatings used to paint the exteriors and interiors of buildings, often called or external masonry coatings. Clear varnishes and lacquers are generally excluded. [1] Such products are usually designated for specific purposes such as roof coatings, wall paints, or deck finishes. [2]
Finally, coatings may also be applied on the surface to consolidate small surface features or to improve the surface quality of the part. Typical materials used for coatings are polyester or epoxy resin. [12] 3D concrete printing with binder jetting technologies has been demonstrated at large scale by Enrico Dini with D-Shape. [13]