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carcin-cancer: Greek καρκίνος (karkínos), crab carcinoma: cardi-of or pertaining to the heart: Greek καρδία (kardía), heart cardiology: carp-of or pertaining to the wrist: Latin carpus < Greek καρπός (karpós), wrist; NOTE: This root should not be confused with the mirror root carp(o)- meaning fruit. carpal, carpopedal ...
Carcinoma is a malignancy that develops from epithelial cells. [1] Specifically, a carcinoma is a cancer that begins in a tissue that lines the inner or outer surfaces of the body, and that arises from cells originating in the endodermal, mesodermal [2] or ectodermal germ layer during embryogenesis.
Benign tumors (which are not cancers) are usually named using -oma as a suffix with the organ name as the root. For example, a benign tumor of smooth muscle cells is called a leiomyoma (the common name of this frequently occurring benign tumor in the uterus is fibroid).
Pronunciation follows convention outside the medical field, in which acronyms are generally pronounced as if they were a word (JAMA, SIDS), initialisms are generally pronounced as individual letters (DNA, SSRI), and abbreviations generally use the expansion (soln. = "solution", sup. = "superior").
The suffix "-oma" (but not -carcinoma, -sarcoma, or -blastoma, which are generally cancers) is applied to indicate a benign tumor. For example, a lipoma is a common benign tumor of fat cells ( lipocytes ), and a chondroma is a benign tumor of cartilage-forming cells ( chondrocytes ).
The main discussion of these abbreviations in the context of drug prescriptions and other medical prescriptions is at List of abbreviations used in medical prescriptions. Some of these abbreviations are best not used, as marked and explained here.
Meaning o: Nothing [ō—letter o with overbar] O 2: oxygen: OA: osteoarthritis: OAB: Overactive bladder: OAF: osteoclast activating factor OB: Occult blood OB OB-GYN ob-gyne: obstetrics and gynecology: Obl: oblique OBS: organic brain syndrome: Occ: occasional OCD: obsessive-compulsive disorder: OCG: oral cholecystogram: OCNA: Orthopedic ...
Current Procedural Terminology: CR: complete remission (complete response) controlled release: Cr: creatinine: CRC: colorectal cancer: CrCl: creatinine clearance (Note: Looks similar to, but does not mean, the chromium chlorides—CrCl 2, CrCl 3, CrCl 4) CRD: chronic renal disease circadian rhythm disorder: CRE: carbapenem-resistant ...