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Perugia was an Umbrian settlement [11] but first appears in written history as Perusia, one of the 12 confederate cities of Etruria; [11] it was first mentioned in Q. Fabius Pictor's account, used by Livy, of the expedition carried out against the Etruscan League by Fabius Maximus Rullianus [12] in 310 or 309 BC.
Map showing Etruria and Etruscan colonies as of 750 BC and as expanded until 500 BC. Etruria (/ ɪ ˈ t r ʊər i ə / ih-TROOR-ee-ə) was a region of Central Italy delimited by the rivers Arno and Tiber, [1] an area that covered what is now most of Tuscany, northern Lazio, and north-western Umbria.
The ancient Perusia, now Perugia, first appears in history as one of the 12 confederate cities of Etruria.It is first mentioned in the account of the war of 310 or 309 BC between the Etruscans and the Romans.
The arch seen from Piazza Grimana. The Etruscan Arch or Arch of Augustus or Augustus Gate is one of eight gates in the Etruscan wall of Perusia, known today as Perugia.It is one of the only two surviving gates along with the Porta Marzia to the south. [1]
Etruria's influence over the cities of Latium and Campania weakened, and the area was taken over by Romans and Samnites. In the 4th century BC, Etruria saw a Gallic invasion end its influence over the Po Valley and the Adriatic coast. Meanwhile, Rome had started annexing Etruscan cities. This led to the loss of the northern Etruscan provinces.
They were eventually assimilated first by Italics in the south, then by Celts in the north and finally in Etruria itself by the growing Roman Republic. The Etruscan names of the major cities whose names were later Romanised survived in inscriptions and are listed below.