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Products such as Imferon, which contained high molecule weight iron dextran, were the only IV iron products available until the 1990s. [4] Although uncommon adverse reaction did occur, as such packaging informed users of the possible reactions and highly recommended completing a test dose before further treatment.
Different dosage forms of iron preparation have different absorption mechanisms. Iron in oral iron preparations is absorbed in the gut via transporters and carrier proteins and released to the bloodstream. [3] Iron in parenteral iron preparation needs to be released by the cleavage of the surrounding complex by macrophages. [4]
Cosmofer is a treatment for iron deficiency anemia. The generic name of Cosmofer is low molecular weight iron dextran. Cosmofer was approved in 2001, and is available in more than 45 countries worldwide. It has a lower incidence of dextran-induced analphylaxis than older dextran-based products, although still requires a test dose. [12]
Dextran chains are of varying lengths (from 3 to 2000 kilodaltons). The polymer main chain consists of α-1,6 glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers, with branches from α-1,3 linkages. This characteristic branching distinguishes a dextran from a dextrin , which is a straight chain glucose polymer tethered by α-1,4 or α-1,6 linkages.
Since iron stores in the body are generally depleted, and there is a limit to what the body can process (about 2–6 mg/kg of body mass per day; i.e. for a 100 kg/220 lb man this is equal to a maximum dose of 200–600 mg/per day) without iron poisoning, this is a chronic therapy which may take 3–6 months.
The iron sucrose molecule is a polymer with two main molecules; sucrose (chemical formula C 12 H 22 O 11) and an iron (III) hydroxide (Na 2 Fe 5 O 8 •3(H 2 O)). These two components are in solution together, but are not bound to one another. [2] Iron sucrose is a type II complex, with two oxygen atoms bonded to each iron atom. [3]
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