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A 14th-century illustration of a naval mine and page description from the Huolongjing. Naval mines were first invented by Chinese innovators of Imperial China and were described in thorough detail by the early Ming dynasty artillery officer Jiao Yu, in his 14th-century military treatise known as the Huolongjing. [5]
Submarine Launched Mobile Mines (SLMM) are a modern type of naval mine designed to be deployed by submarines. The chief example is the Mark 67 SLMM, currently used by the United States Navy and capable of deployment on 688i Los Angeles-class submarines. These mines offer a strategic advantage by allowing for clandestine deployment in hostile or ...
Mine warfare consists of: minelaying, the deployment of explosive naval mines at sea to sink enemy ships or to prevent their access to particular areas; minesweeping, the removal or detonation of naval mines; and degaussing, the process of decreasing or eliminating a remnant magnetic field in a ship's hull to prevent its detection by magnetic mines.
The Mark 60 CAPTOR (Encapsulated Torpedo) is the United States' only deep-water anti-submarine naval mine. [4] [3] [2] It uses a Mark 46 torpedo [2] [3] contained in an aluminum shell that is anchored to the ocean floor. [2] The mine can be placed by either aircraft, submarine or surface vessel.
Most modern MCMVs are designed to locate, identify, and neutralize or remove underwater mines. Any explosive device that is placed in or near water to damage or destroy ships, submarines, or other naval vessels is classified as a mine. They can pose a significant threat to naval operations, maritime trade, and coastal security.
Minesweeping, or the disposal of naval mines, by these vessels is performed in different ways: Sweeping proper, with an underwater cable cutting the mooring cables of moored mines. The mines then come to the surface and are destroyed by gunfire. Acoustic sweeping, with a towed device producing noise to trigger acoustic mines.
A minehunter is a naval vessel that seeks, detects, and destroys individual naval mines. Minesweepers, on the other hand, clear mined areas as a whole, without prior detection of mines. A vessel that combines both of these roles is known as a mine countermeasures vessel (MCMV).
France's Naval Group and ECA Group established Belgian subsidiary Naval & Robotics and bid for the program. [22] [23] Imtech Belgium and Damen Group bid for the program. [22] [23] The contract was won by Naval Group on 15 March 2019. [22] [23] The new vessels take a new approach to their task.