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In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines field theory and the principle of relativity with ideas behind quantum mechanics. [ 1 ] : xi QFT is used in particle physics to construct physical models of subatomic particles and in condensed matter physics to construct models of quasiparticles .
In quantum field theory, the quantum vacuum state (also called the quantum vacuum or vacuum state) is the quantum state with the lowest possible energy. Generally, it contains no physical particles. The term zero-point field is sometimes used as a synonym for the vacuum state of a quantized field which is completely individual. [clarification ...
In quantum field theory, the Gell-Mann and Low theorem is a mathematical statement that allows one to relate the ground (or vacuum) state of an interacting system to the ground state of the corresponding non-interacting theory.
In both categories, quantum states divide into pure versus mixed states, or into coherent states and incoherent states. Categories with special properties include stationary states for time independence and quantum vacuum states in quantum field theory.
In physics, the S-matrix or scattering matrix is a matrix that relates the initial state and the final state of a physical system undergoing a scattering process.It is used in quantum mechanics, scattering theory and quantum field theory (QFT).
A quantum state in the Fock space is called a Fock state if it is an element of the occupancy number basis. A Fock state satisfies an important criterion: for each i, the state is an eigenstate of the particle number operator ^ corresponding to the i-th elementary state k i. The corresponding eigenvalue gives the number of particles in the state.
The Chern–Simons theory is a 3-dimensional topological quantum field theory of Schwarz type developed by Edward Witten. It was discovered first by mathematical physicist Albert Schwarz . It is named after mathematicians Shiing-Shen Chern and James Harris Simons , who introduced the Chern–Simons 3-form .
The standard model is a quantum field theory, meaning its fundamental objects are quantum fields, which are defined at all points in spacetime. QFT treats particles as excited states (also called quanta ) of their underlying quantum fields , which are more fundamental than the particles.