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Apatosaurus has ten dorsal ribs on either side of the body. [17] The large neck was filled with an extensive system of weight-saving air sacs. Apatosaurus, like its close relative Supersaurus, has tall neural spines, which make up more than half the height of the individual bones of its vertebrae. The shape of the tail is unusual for a ...
Comparison of three specimens and a human: Oklahoma specimen of Apatosaurus ajax (orange), A. louisae (red), and Brontosaurus parvus (green) Apatosaurines are large, long-necked, quadrupedal animals with long, whip-like tails, and forelimbs that were slightly shorter than its hindlimbs.
Size comparison of selected giant sauropod dinosaurs. The sauropods' most defining characteristic was their size. Even the dwarf sauropods (perhaps 5 to 6 metres, or 20 feet long) were counted among the largest animals in their ecosystem. Their only real competitors in terms of size are the rorquals, such as the blue whale.
Diplodocus restored with an upright posture, based on comparison with living animals, from Taylor et al., 2009. Sauropod neck posture is a subject occasionally debated among scientists, with some favoring postures closer to horizontal whilst others a more upright posture. Research has looked at various avenues of evidence and analysis including ...
Type species of Apatosaurus as well as of the subfamily "Apatosaurinae" [16] Lateral view of the holotype hip bones: Apatosaurus laticollis: YPM 1861 [16] Peabody Museum of Natural History [16] Kimmeridgian [16] Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation, Colorado [87] Several vertebrae [16] Subjective junior synonym of A. louisiae [16 ...
On this basis, Apatosaurus could not have had a reptilian respiratory system, as its tidal volume would have been less than its dead-space volume, so that stale air was not expelled but was sucked back into the lungs. Likewise, a mammalian system would only provide to the lungs about 225 − 184 = 41 liters of fresh, oxygenated air on each breath.
Other prominent dinosaurs contained in this clade include Apatosaurus, Supersaurus, and Brontosaurus. Diplodocoids are distinguished by a unique head shape, which displays certain highly derived features when compared to other sauropods. The teeth are located entirely anterior to the antorbital fenestra and the snout is especially broad.
Example: An image of an adult Torvosaurus which shows it being as large as an adult Apatosaurus. Exception: If the size of the animal is contested or the individual in question is a gigantism-inflicted individual. Image differs appreciably from known physiological constraints.