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Historical map of Eastern Canada (1884) The Canadian Press defines Eastern Canada as everything east of and including Thunder Bay, Ontario. [2] This definition excludes from Eastern Canada the sparsely populated section of Northwest Ontario that is west of Thunder Bay, that section including Rainy River District and the most populated part of Kenora District.
The Maritimes, also called the Maritime provinces, is a region of Eastern Canada consisting of three provinces: New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island.The Maritimes had a population of 1,899,324 in 2021, which makes up 5.1% of Canada's population. [1]
Canada covers 9,984,670 km 2 (3,855,100 sq mi) and a panoply of various geoclimatic regions, of which there are seven main regions. [9] Canada also encompasses vast maritime terrain, with the world's longest coastline of 243,042 kilometres (151,019 mi). [20] The physical geography of Canada is widely varied.
Atlantic and Central Canada together are also known as Eastern Canada. [62] [76] Atlantic Canada includes a section of the Appalachian Mountains known as the Appalachian Uplands. [62] [77] In each Atlantic province, Upland regions have been divided into three highland areas. The mountain range results in coastal regions being fjorded.
The baselines are defined as "the low-water line along the coast or on a low-tide elevation that is situated wholly or partly at a distance not exceeding the breadth of the territorial sea of Canada from the mainland or an island," [2] and the territorial sea is defined as extending 12 nautical miles (22 km) from the points of the baselines, or such other points as may be prescribed.
The provinces and territories are sometimes grouped into regions, listed here from west to east by province, followed by the three territories.Seats in the Senate are equally divided among four regions: the West, Ontario, Quebec, and the Maritimes, with special status for Newfoundland and Labrador as well as for the three territories of Northern Canada ('the North').
An enlargeable topographic map of Canada The northernmost point of land within the boundaries of Canada is Cape Columbia , Ellesmere Island , Nunavut 83°06′40″N 69°58′19″W / 83.111°N 69.972°W / 83.111; -69.972 ( Cape Columbia,
Replica of Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons's habitation at the Port-Royal National Historic Site.. Initially, settlement patterns in Nova Scotia were defined by water transportation routes for the Maritime Archaic Indian civilization, followed by their descendants, the Mi'kmaq Nation, who used coastal waters for seasonal marine fishing and rivers and lakes for freshwater fishing.