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The letter א aleph is a zero consonant in Ashkenazi Hebrew. It originally represented a glottal stop, a value it retains in other Hebrew dialects and in formal Israeli Hebrew. In Arabic, the non-hamzated letter ا alif is often a placeholder for an initial vowel. In Javanese script, the letter ꦲ ha is used for a vowel (silent 'h').
At the beginning of a word, the letter ا (alif) represents the vowel /a/, e.g., اَسْپَه áspa ' mare '. [3] In the middle or end of a word, ا represents the long vowel /ɑ/ which is following a consonant (e.g., کال kāl ' year ', and نْيا nyā ' grandmother '). [4] [5] At the beginning of a word, the letter alif can also be ...
These three differ in how they treat vowels. Abjads have letters for consonants and leave most vowels unexpressed. Abugidas are also consonant-based but indicate vowels with diacritics, a systematic graphic modification of the consonants. [51] The earliest known alphabet using this sense is the Wadi el-Hol script, believed to be an abjad.
Gemination is represented in many writing systems by a doubled letter and is often perceived as a doubling of the consonant. [3] Some phonological theories use 'doubling' as a synonym for gemination, while others describe two distinct phenomena. [3] Consonant length is a distinctive feature in certain languages, such as Japanese.
The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association.
As with other Brahmic scripts, the Burmese alphabet is arranged into groups of five letters for stop consonants called wek (ဝဂ်, from Pali vagga) based on articulation. Within each group, the first letter is tenuis ("plain"), the second is the aspirated homologue, the third and fourth are the voiced homologues and the fifth is the nasal ...