Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Technically, a universal property is defined in terms of categories and functors by means of a universal morphism (see § Formal definition, below). Universal morphisms can also be thought more abstractly as initial or terminal objects of a comma category (see § Connection with comma categories , below).
If K is a commutative ring, the polynomial ring K[X 1, …, X n] has the following universal property: for every commutative K-algebra A, and every n-tuple (x 1, …, x n) of elements of A, there is a unique algebra homomorphism from K[X 1, …, X n] to A that maps each to the corresponding .
The localization of a commutative ring R by a multiplicatively closed set S is a new ring whose elements are fractions with numerators in R and denominators in S.. If the ring is an integral domain the construction generalizes and follows closely that of the field of fractions, and, in particular, that of the rational numbers as the field of fractions of the integers.
Every vector space is a free module, [1] but, if the ring of the coefficients is not a division ring (not a field in the commutative case), then there exist non-free modules. Given any set S and ring R, there is a free R-module with basis S, which is called the free module on S or module of formal R-linear combinations of the elements of S.
The Weyl algebras are Ore extensions, with R any commutative polynomial ring, σ the identity ring endomorphism, and δ the polynomial derivative. Ore algebras are a class of iterated Ore extensions under suitable constraints that permit to develop a noncommutative extension of the theory of Gröbner bases.
Every free module is a projective module, but the converse fails to hold over some rings, such as Dedekind rings that are not principal ideal domains. However, every projective module is a free module if the ring is a principal ideal domain such as the integers, or a (multivariate) polynomial ring over a field (this is the Quillen–Suslin ...
In mathematics, especially in the area of abstract algebra known as ring theory, a free algebra is the noncommutative analogue of a polynomial ring since its elements may be described as "polynomials" with non-commuting variables. Likewise, the polynomial ring may be regarded as a free commutative algebra.
The fact that polynomial rings over a field are Noetherian is called Hilbert's basis theorem. Moreover, many ring constructions preserve the Noetherian property. In particular, if a commutative ring R is Noetherian, the same is true for every polynomial ring over it, and for every quotient ring, localization, or completion of the ring.