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In mathematics, more specifically in category theory, a universal property is a property that characterizes up to an isomorphism the result of some constructions. Thus, universal properties can be used for defining some objects independently from the method chosen for constructing them.
In other words, K[X] has the following universal property: For every ring R containing K, and every element a of R, there is a unique algebra homomorphism from K[X] to R that fixes K, and maps X to a. As for all universal properties, this defines the pair (K[X], X) up to a unique isomorphism, and can therefore be taken as a definition of K[X].
Every vector space is a free module, [1] but, if the ring of the coefficients is not a division ring (not a field in the commutative case), then there exist non-free modules. Given any set S and ring R, there is a free R-module with basis S, which is called the free module on S or module of formal R-linear combinations of the elements of S.
In mathematics, especially in the area of abstract algebra known as ring theory, a free algebra is the noncommutative analogue of a polynomial ring since its elements may be described as "polynomials" with non-commuting variables. Likewise, the polynomial ring may be regarded as a free commutative algebra.
In terms of universal properties, the perfect closure of a ring A of characteristic p is a perfect ring A p of characteristic p together with a ring homomorphism u : A → A p such that for any other perfect ring B of characteristic p with a homomorphism v : A → B there is a unique homomorphism f : A p → B such that v factors through u (i.e ...
The Weyl algebras are Ore extensions, with R any commutative polynomial ring, σ the identity ring endomorphism, and δ the polynomial derivative. Ore algebras are a class of iterated Ore extensions under suitable constraints that permit to develop a noncommutative extension of the theory of Gröbner bases.
In algebra, a λ-ring or lambda ring is a commutative ring together with some operations λ n on it that behave like the exterior powers of vector spaces.Many rings considered in K-theory carry a natural λ-ring structure. λ-rings also provide a powerful formalism for studying an action of the symmetric functions on the ring of polynomials, recovering and extending many classical results ...
Polynomial evaluation (see also Polynomial ring § Polynomial evaluation) The function apply in Apply § Universal property; Evaluation map (topology)