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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Hmong language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. The dialect used in this chart is both White Hmong and Green Hmong .
The vowel systems of Hmong Daw and Mong Leeg are as shown in the following charts. [13] (Phonemes particular to Hmong Daw † and Mong Leeg ‡ are color-coded and indicated by a dagger or double dagger respectively.) 1st Row: IPA, Hmong RPA; 2nd Row: Nyiakeng Puachue; 3rd Row: Pahawh
Hmong makes a number of phonemic contrasts unfamiliar to English speakers. All non-glottal stops and affricates distinguish aspirated and unaspirated forms, most also prenasalization independently of this. The consonant inventory of Hmong is shown in the chart below. (Consonants particular to Hmong Daw and Mong Njua are color-coded respectively.)
The Romanized Popular Alphabet (RPA) or Hmong RPA (also Roman Popular Alphabet), is a system of romanization for the various dialects of the Hmong language. Created in Laos between 1951 and 1953 by a group of missionaries and Hmong advisers, it has gone on to become the most widespread system for writing the Hmong language in the West.
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The Vietnamese Hmong script indicates the tone of the writing at the end of a syllable, without accents as in the Vietnamese alphabet. Unlike Vietnamese language , all Hmong syllables end in a vowel, meaning that using consonant letters to indicate melody would be neither confusing nor ambiguous.
Usually, there is a pattern of even distribution of marks on the chart, a phenomenon that is known as vowel dispersion. For most languages, the vowel system is triangular. Only 10% of languages, including English, have a vowel diagram that is quadrilateral. Such a diagram is called a vowel quadrilateral or a vowel trapezium. [2]
This chart provides audio examples for phonetic vowel symbols. The symbols shown include those in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and added material. The chart is based on the official IPA vowel chart. [1] The International Phonetic Alphabet is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin alphabet.