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Chrysothrix candelaris, commonly known as the mustard powder lichen [1] or gold dust lichen, [2] is a species of leprose (powdery) lichen in the family Chrysothricaceae. It typically grows on tree bark , although it has also been recorded growing on rock .
Flavoparmelia caperata is a medium to large foliose lichen that has a very distinctive pale yellow green upper cortex when dry. The rounded lobes, measuring 3–8 mm (0.1–0.3 in) wide, usually have patches of granular soredia arising from pustules.
Rhizocarpon geographicum (the map lichen) is a species of lichen, which grows on rocks in mountainous areas of low air pollution. Each lichen is a flat patch bordered by a black line of fungal hyphae. These patches grow adjacent to each other, leading to the appearance of a map or a patchwork field.
Ramalina menziesii, the lace lichen or fishnet, is a pale yellowish-green to grayish-green fruticose lichen. It grows up to a meter long, hanging from bark and twigs in a distinctive net-like or lace-like pattern that is unlike any other lichen in North America. [3] It becomes a deeper green when wet. [3] Apothecia are lecanorine. [3]
Brown or yellow lichen dyes (called crottle or crotal), made from Parmelia saxatilis scraped off rocks, [2] and red lichen dyes (called corkir) were used extensively to produce tartans. Purple dyes from lichens were historically very important throughout Europe from the 15th to 17th centuries.
Icmadophila is a genus of crustose lichen.The genus has a widespread distribution in the Northern Hemisphere and contains six species. [2] The only species found in North America, Icmadophila ericetorum, has a mint green crustose thallus that is dotted with bright pink apothecial disks, and is sometimes colloquially referred to as "fairy puke". [3]
Cladonia portentosa, also known as reindeer lichen or the cream cup lichen, [1] is a light-coloured, fruticose, cup lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. A similar-looking species, also known by the common name "reindeer lichen", is Cladonia rangiferina .
A corticolous lichen is a lichen that grows on bark. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This is contrasted with lignicolous lichen , which grows on wood that has had the bark stripped from it, [ 3 ] and saxicolous lichen , which grows on rock.