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Sulfur dioxide is an intermediate in the production of sulfuric acid, being converted to sulfur trioxide, and then to oleum, which is made into sulfuric acid. Sulfur dioxide for this purpose is made when sulfur combines with oxygen. The method of converting sulfur dioxide to sulfuric acid is called the contact process. Several million tons are ...
The two principal sulfur oxides are obtained by burning sulfur: S + O 2 → SO 2 (sulfur dioxide) 2 SO 2 + O 2 → 2 SO 3 (sulfur trioxide). Many other sulfur oxides are observed including the sulfur-rich oxides include sulfur monoxide, disulfur monoxide, disulfur dioxides, and higher oxides containing peroxo groups.
The sulfur dioxide then oxidized to sulfur trioxide using oxygen with vanadium(V) oxide as catalyst. 2 SO 2 + O 2 ⇌ 2 SO 3 (−198 kJ/mol) (reaction is reversible) The sulfur trioxide is hydrated into sulfuric acid H 2 SO 4: SO 3 + H 2 O → H 2 SO 4 (g) (−101 kJ/mol) The last step is the condensation of the sulfuric acid to liquid 97–98% ...
The amount of sulfur dioxide that can be emitted into the atmosphere is capped by the EPA. This reduces the quantity of sulfur dioxide in the air that turns into sulfur trioxide and sulfuric acid. [14] Sulfuric acid concentrations in workroom air are restricted by OSHA to 1 mg/m 3. Moreover, NIOSH advises a time-weighted average limit of 1 mg/m ...
Sulfur dioxide, the principal oxide of sulfur, is emitted from volcanoes. Nitrous oxide ("laughing gas") is a potent greenhouse gas produced by soil bacteria. Although most metal oxides are crystalline solids, many non-metal oxides are molecules.
Some of the largest-scale chemicals are produced via catalytic oxidation, often using oxygen. Examples include nitric acid (from ammonia), sulfuric acid (from sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide by the contact process), terephthalic acid from p-xylene, acrylic acid from propylene or propane and acrylonitrile from propane and ammonia. [23]
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Sulfur polycations, S 2+ 8, S 2+ 4 and S 2+ 19 are produced when sulfur is reacted with oxidizing agents in a strongly acidic solution. [48] The colored solutions produced by dissolving sulfur in oleum were first reported as early as 1804 by C. F. Bucholz, but the cause of the color and the structure of the polycations involved was only ...