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It is the branch of philosophy that investigates the nature of existence, the features all entities have in common, and how they are divided into basic categories of being. [1] It aims to discover the foundational building blocks of the world and characterize reality as a whole in its most general aspects.
Sartre states that "Consciousness is a being such that in its being, its being is in question insofar as this being implies a being other than itself." Existence: Concrete, individual being-for-itself here and now. Existence precedes essence. The subjective existence of reality precedes and defines its nature.
In German, Dasein is the vernacular term for "existence". It is derived from da-sein, which literally means "being-there" or "there-being". [3] In a philosophical context, it was first used by Leibniz and Wolff in the 17th century, as well as by Kant and Hegel in the 18th and 19th; however, Heidegger's later association of the word with human existence was uncommon and not of special ...
In Being and Time, Martin Heidegger reframes Edmund Husserl's phenomenological project into what he terms fundamental ontology.This is based on an observation and analysis of Dasein ("being-there"), human being, investigating the fundamental structure of the Lebenswelt (lifeworld, Husserl's term) underlying all so-called regional ontologies of the special sciences.
Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy exploring the fundamental questions, including the nature of concepts like being, existence, and reality.Traditional metaphysics seeks to answer, in a "suitably abstract and fully general manner", the questions:
In philosophy, a theory of everything (ToE) is an ultimate, all-encompassing explanation or description of nature or reality. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Adopting the term from physics, where the search for a theory of everything is ongoing, philosophers have discussed the viability of the concept and analyzed its properties and implications.
Philosophical realism—usually not treated as a position of its own but as a stance towards other subject matters—is the view that a certain kind of thing (ranging widely from abstract objects like numbers to moral statements to the physical world itself) has mind-independent existence, i.e. that it exists even in the absence of any mind perceiving it or that its existence is not just a ...
The principle of plenitude asserts that the universe contains all possible forms of existence. Arthur Lovejoy, a historian of ideas, was the first to trace the history of this philosophically important principle explicitly. Lovejoy distinguishes two versions of the principle: a static version, in which the universe displays a constant fullness ...