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French has a T-V distinction in the second person singular. That is, it uses two different sets of pronouns: tu and vous and their various forms. The usage of tu and vous depends on the kind of relationship (formal or informal) that exists between the speaker and the person with whom they are speaking and the age differences between these subjects. [1]
French grammar is the set of rules by which the French language creates statements, ... This question formation structure is common in informal spoken French, but ...
French, like English, uses relative pronouns to introduce relative clauses. The relative pronoun used depends on its grammatical role (such as subject or direct object) within the relative clause, as well as on the gender and number of the antecedent and whether the antecedent represents a person.
Some other languages use different classifying systems, especially in the plural pronouns. One frequently found difference not present in most Indo-European languages is a contrast between inclusive and exclusive "we": a distinction of first-person plural pronouns between including or excluding the addressee.
For some, the English you keeps everybody at a distance, although not to the same extent as V pronouns in other languages. [4] For others, you is a default neutral pronoun that fulfils the functions of both T and V without being the equivalent of either, [5] so an N-V-T framework is needed, where N indicates neutrality. [6]
Informal French [ edit ] Elision of the second-person singular subject pronoun tu , before the verbs beginning with a vowel or mute h (silent h), and of the particle of negation ne , is very common in informal speech, but is avoided in careful speech and never used in formal writing: [ citation needed ]
The familiar and singular form is used when speaking to God in French (in Protestantism both in past and present, in Catholicism since the post–Vatican II reforms), German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Scottish Gaelic and many others (all of which maintain the use of an "informal" singular form of the second person in modern speech).
Old Dutch did not appear to have a T–V distinction. Thu was used as the second-person singular, and gi as the second-person plural. In early Middle Dutch, influenced by Old French usage, the original plural pronoun gi (or ji in the north) came to be used as a respectful singular pronoun, creating a T–V distinction.