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His letters were very informal, sometimes he just wrote the name of the person and commenced the letter. Ghalib was a chronicler of a turbulent period. One by one, Ghalib saw the bazaars – Khas Bazaar, Urdu Bazaar, Kharam-ka Bazaar, disappear, whole mohallas (localities) and katras (lanes) vanish. The havelis (mansions) of his friends were razed.
Christopher Shackle divides the work into five parts: [3]. the invocation of God; the loss of Anandpur; the battle of Chamkaur; the address to Aurangzeb; the conclusion; In this letter, Guru Gobind Singh reminds Aurangzeb how he and his soldiers had broken their oaths sworn upon the Qur'an, [7] when they promised safe passage to the Guru but launched a hidden attack of an army described as ...
Ghubar-e-Khatir ("The Dust of Memories"), (Urdu: غبار خاطر) is one of the most important works of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, written primarily during 1942 to 1946 when he was imprisoned in Ahmednagar Fort in Maharashtra by the British Raj while he was in Bombay (now Mumbai) to preside over the meeting of All India Congress Working Committee. [1]
Urdu literature (Urdu: ادبیاتِ اُردُو, “Adbiyāt-i Urdū”) comprises the literary works, written in the Urdu language. While it tends to be dominated by poetry , especially the verse forms of the ghazal ( غزل ) and nazm ( نظم ), it has expanded into other styles of writing, including that of the short story, or afsana ...
The Urdu alphabet (Urdu: اُردُو حُرُوفِ تَہَجِّی, romanized: urdū ḥurūf-i tahajjī) is the right-to-left alphabet used for writing Urdu. It is a modification of the Persian alphabet , which itself is derived from the Arabic script .
One of the towering figures in Urdu literature Altaf Hussain Hali was a shagird (Urdu: شاگرد, lit. 'student') of Ghalib. Hali has also written a biography of Ghalib titled Yaadgaar-e-Ghalib. Ghalib was not only a poet, he was also a prolific prose writer. His letters are a reflection of the political and social climate of the time.
Literature written in Hindi-Urdu was not common prior to the 1700s. [14] In North India, rich literary cultures existed in Awadhi and Brajbhasha, with earliest Awadhi texts dating to the 14th century. [15] In Delhi, poets wrote in Persian, while Rekhta/Hindvi (what is now recognizable as Hindi-Urdu) did not have the same literary recognition. [16]
Khowar contains many historical spellings from Arabic and Persian, and therefore has many irregularities. The Arabic letters yaa and haa both have two variants in Khowar: one of the yaa variants is used at the ends of words for the sound [i], and one of the haa variants is used to indicate the aspirated and breathy voiced consonants.