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Aminoglycoside antibiotics display bactericidal activity against Gram-negative aerobes and some anaerobic bacilli where resistance has not yet arisen but generally not against Gram-positive and anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria. [3] Streptomycin is the first-in-class aminoglycoside antibiotic.
A classic example of this effect is the interaction between β-lactams, which damage the bacteria cell membrane, and aminoglycosides, which inhibit protein synthesis. [1] The damage dealt to the cell wall by β-lactams allows more aminoglycoside molecules to be taken up into the cell than would otherwise be possible, enhancing cell damage. [1]
Kanamycin is in the aminoglycoside family of medications. [3] It has the weakest antibacterial capabilities of all compounds in this family when used clinically, which is partially due to its increased toxicity in comparison to other aminoglycosides. [5] It works by blocking the production of proteins that are required for bacterial survival. [3]
Gentamicin is a type of aminoglycoside [5] and works by disrupting the ability of the bacteria to make proteins, which typically kills the bacteria. [5] Gentamicin is naturally produced by the bacterium Micromonospora purpurea, [9] [5] was patented in 1962, approved for medical use in 1964. [10]
Bacteria involved in causing and treating cancers. Cancer bacteria are bacteria infectious organisms that are known or suspected to cause cancer. [1] While cancer-associated bacteria have long been considered to be opportunistic (i.e., infecting healthy tissues after cancer has already established itself), there is some evidence that bacteria may be directly carcinogenic.
Most antibiotics come from bacteria and fungi and have been discovered by screening microorganisms that live in soil. But in recent decades, pathogens have become resistant to many of these drugs ...
Similar to penicillins and cephalosporins, carbapenems are members of the beta-lactam antibiotics drug class, which kill bacteria by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, thus inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. However, these agents individually exhibit a broader spectrum of activity compared to most cephalosporins and penicillins.
Amikacin can be inactivated by other beta-lactams, though not to the extent as other aminoglycosides, and is still often used with penicillins (a type of beta-lactam) to create an additive effect against certain bacteria, and carbapenems, which can have a synergistic effect against some Gram-positive bacteria.