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  2. Hand formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand_formula

    In the United States, the Hand formula, also known as the Hand rule, calculus of negligence, or BPL formula, is a conceptual formula created by Judge Learned Hand which describes a process for determining whether a legal duty of care has been breached (see negligence). The original description of the calculus was in United States v.

  3. Negligent infliction of emotional distress - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negligent_infliction_of...

    Twelve years after Dillon, California expanded NIED again, by holding that a relative could recover even where the underlying physical injury was de minimis (unnecessary medications and medical tests) if the outcome was foreseeable (the breakup of the plaintiffs' marriage as a result of the defendants' negligent and incorrect diagnosis of a ...

  4. Negligence per se - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negligence_per_se

    Negligence per se is a doctrine in US law whereby an act is considered negligent because it violates a statute (or regulation). The doctrine is effectively a form of strict liability . Negligence per se means greater liability than contributory negligence .

  5. Negligence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negligence

    Negligence (Lat. negligentia) [1] is a failure to exercise appropriate care expected to be exercised in similar circumstances. [2]Within the scope of tort law, negligence pertains to harm caused by the violation of a duty of care through a negligent act or failure to act.

  6. Criminal negligence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_negligence

    Criminal negligence becomes "gross" when the failure to foresee involves a "wanton disregard for human life" (see the definitions of corporate manslaughter and in many common law jurisdictions of gross negligence manslaughter). The test of any mens rea element is always based on an assessment of whether the accused had foresight of the ...

  7. Medical malpractice in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_malpractice_in_the...

    Safe Harbors for Adherence to Practice Guidelines: This approach provides a defense for physicians if they follow pre approved clinical practice guidelines. Judge-directed compensation: A group of judges with expertise in medical malpractice meet with each sides attorneys and negotiates a settlement between the parties.

  8. Comparative negligence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_negligence

    Comparative negligence, called non-absolute contributory negligence outside the United States, is a partial legal defense that reduces the amount of damages that a plaintiff can recover in a negligence-based claim, based upon the degree to which the plaintiff's own negligence contributed to cause the injury.

  9. Number Sense (UIL) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number_Sense_(UIL)

    Since Number Sense is designed to test students' mental math abilities, no calculators or scratch paper can be used during competition. In order for a question to be scored as correct the exact answer must be given (no allowance for rounding), except where the question is preceded by an asterisk, in which case for the question to be scored as ...