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Firefly luciferin is the luciferin found in many Lampyridae species, such as P. pyralis. It is the substrate of beetle luciferases ( EC 1.13.12.7) responsible for the characteristic yellow light emission from fireflies, though can cross-react to produce light with related enzymes from non-luminous species. [ 3 ]
The dinoflagellete type of luciferin used in this reaction is one of the four common types of luciferin found in the marine environment, [11] and the genome of P. fusiformis contains shared common origin with other dinoflagellates that contain the luciferase enzyme. [5] In the laboratory, two different types bioluminescent flashes have been ...
D-luciferin is the substrate for firefly luciferase's bioluminescence reaction, while L-luciferin is the substrate for luciferyl-CoA synthetase activity. Both reactions are inhibited by the substrate's enantiomer: L-luciferin and D-luciferin inhibit the bioluminescence pathway and the CoA-ligase pathway, respectively. [ 3 ]
Firefly luciferin and modified substrates are fatty acid mimics and have been used to localize fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in vivo. [16] Firefly luciferin is a substrate of the ABCG2 transporter and has been used as part of a bioluminescence imaging high throughput assay to screen for inhibitors of the transporter. [17]
Luciferase is a generic term for the class of oxidative enzymes that produce bioluminescence, and is usually distinguished from a photoprotein.The name was first used by Raphaël Dubois who invented the words luciferin and luciferase, for the substrate and enzyme, respectively. [1]
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Vargulin, [1] also called Cypridinid luciferin, [2] Cypridina luciferin, or Vargula luciferin, is the luciferin found in the ostracod Cypridina hilgendorfii, also named Vargula hilgendorfii. [3] These bottom dwelling ostracods emit a light stream into water when disturbed presumably to deter predation.