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Cultural evolution is an evolutionary theory of social change.It follows from the definition of culture as "information capable of affecting individuals' behavior that they acquire from other members of their species through teaching, imitation and other forms of social transmission". [1]
The name Anthropocene is a combination of anthropo-from the Ancient Greek ἄνθρωπος (ánthropos) meaning 'human' and -cene from καινός (kainós) meaning 'new' or 'recent'. [ 54 ] [ 55 ] As early as 1873, the Italian geologist Antonio Stoppani acknowledged the increasing power and effect of humanity on the Earth's systems and ...
Neo-evolutionism discards many ideas of classical social evolutionism, namely that of social progress, so dominant in previous sociology evolution-related theories. [68] Then neo-evolutionism discards the determinism argument and introduces probability , arguing that accidents and free will greatly affect the process of social evolution. [ 68 ]
A sociological theory is a supposition that intends to consider, analyze, and/or explain objects of social reality from a sociological perspective, [1]: 14 drawing connections between individual concepts in order to organize and substantiate sociological knowledge.
Cultural homogenization is an aspect of cultural globalization, [1] [2] listed as one of its main characteristics, [3] and refers to the reduction in cultural diversity [4] through the popularization and diffusion of a wide array of cultural symbols—not only physical objects but customs, ideas and values. [3]
The double hermeneutic is the theory, expounded by sociologist Anthony Giddens, that everyday "lay" concepts and those from the social sciences have a two-way relationship. [1] A common example is the idea of social class , a social-scientific category that has entered into wide use in society.
In the sociology of science, "Matthew effect" was a term coined by Robert K. Merton and Harriet Anne Zuckerman to describe how, among other things, eminent scientists will often get more credit than a comparatively unknown researcher, even if their work is similar; it also means that credit will usually be given to researchers who are already ...
Social anthropology is the study of patterns of behaviour in human societies and cultures. It is the dominant constituent of anthropology throughout the United Kingdom and much of Europe, [1] where it is distinguished from cultural anthropology. [2]