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Intravenous sugar solution, also known as dextrose solution, is a mixture of dextrose (glucose) and water. [1] It is used to treat low blood sugar or water loss without electrolyte loss. [ 2 ] Water loss without electrolyte loss may occur in fever , hyperthyroidism , high blood calcium , or diabetes insipidus . [ 2 ]
[46] [47] Dextrose monohydrate is composed of approximately 9.5% water by mass; through the process of dehydration, this water content is eliminated to yield anhydrous (dry) dextrose. [ 41 ] Anhydrous dextrose has the chemical formula C 6 H 12 O 6 , without any water molecule attached which is the same as glucose. [ 39 ]
[citation needed] Vitamins can be added in two doses, one fat-soluble, the other water-soluble. There are also single-dose preparations with both fat- and water-soluble vitamins such as Cernevit. [44] [45] Minerals and trace elements for parenteral nutrition are available in prepared mixtures, such as Addaven. [46]
K ow, being a type of partition coefficient, serves as a measure of the relationship between lipophilicity (fat solubility) and hydrophilicity (water solubility) of a substance. The value is greater than one if a substance is more soluble in fat-like solvents such as n-octanol, and less than one if it is more soluble in water. [citation needed]
The standard method of determining the dextrose equivalent is the Lane-Eynon titration, based on the reduction of copper(II) sulfate in an alkaline tartrate solution, [1] an application of Fehling's test. Examples: A maltodextrin with a DE of 10 would have 10% of the reducing power of dextrose which has a DE of 100.
It is frequently used to increase the dietary fiber content of food, to replace sugar, and to reduce calories and fat content. It is a multi-purpose food ingredient synthesized from dextrose (glucose), plus about 10 percent sorbitol and 1 percent citric acid. Its E number is E1200. The FDA approved it in 1981. It is one-tenth as sweet as sugar. [2]
Based on the work of Atwater, it became common practice to calculate energy content of foods using 4 kcal/g for carbohydrates and proteins and 9 kcal/g for lipids. [2] The system was later improved by Annabel Merrill and Bernice Watt of the USDA, who derived a system whereby specific calorie conversion factors for different foods were proposed. [3]
Lipid emulsion or fat emulsion refers to an emulsion of fat for human intravenous use, to administer nutrients to critically-ill patients that cannot consume food. It is often referred to by the brand name of the most commonly used version, Intralipid , which is an emulsion containing soybean oil , egg phospholipids and glycerin , and is ...