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If a bird kills other animals to get its food, eats meat, or is a dangerous bird, then is not kosher, a predatory bird is unfit to eat, raptors like the eagles, hawks, owls and other hunting birds are not kosher, vultures and other carrion-eating birds are not kosher either. [96]
The Bible gives a list of non-kosher birds in Leviticus 11:13–19 and Deuteronomy 14:11–18. (See kosher animals for full article). However, today it is not clear which species the Bible had in mind. People who keep kosher rely on several rules listed in the Talmud and on tradition to know which birds may be consumed.
However, the precise identity of the unclean birds is a matter of contention in traditional Jewish texts. It is therefore common to eat only birds with a clear masorah (tradition) of being kosher in at least one Jewish community, such as domestic fowl. Leviticus 11 lists the non-kosher flying creatures. [14]
This dispute has practical ramifications, as the rationalist approach rules the commandment can only be done when one plans to eat the eggs (thus minimizing the birds' pain when pain is unavoidable), while the mystical approach calls on Jews to shoo away any mother bird even if they do not plan to take the eggs (thus maximizing the birds' pain).
The animal must be of a permitted species. For mammals, this is restricted to ruminants which have split hooves. [2] For birds, although biblically any species of bird not specifically excluded in Deuteronomy 14:12–18 would be permitted, [3] doubts as to the identity and scope of the species on the biblical list led to rabbinical law permitting only birds with a tradition of being permissible.
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Terefah (Hebrew: טְרֵפָה, lit. "torn by a beast of prey"; plural טריפות treifot) refers to either: . A member of a kosher species of mammal or bird, disqualified from being considered kosher, due to pre-existing mortal injuries or physical defects.
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