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The ancient Greeks visualised the pineal gland as a sort of guard (valve), like the pylorus of stomach, that regulate the flow of pneuma (vital spirits) in the brain. Galen of Pergamum in the 2nd century CE was the first to make written record of the gland and argued against the prevailing concept.
The pineal gland is present in almost all vertebrates, but is absent in protochordates in which there is a simple pineal homologue. The hagfish , archaic vertebrates, lack a pineal gland. [ 7 ] In some species of amphibians and reptiles, the gland is linked to a light-sensing organ, variously called the parietal eye , the pineal eye or the ...
According to this belief, humans had in far ancient times an actual third eye in the back of the head with a physical and spiritual function. Over time, as humans evolved, this eye atrophied and sunk into what today is known as the pineal gland. [9]
Galen also made a focus on the view on nature. He agreed with ancient doctrine of the four elements which includes the earth, water, wind and the fire to embody the cold, hot dry and wet irreducible qualities. This made a correspondence to the essential body humors which includes the blood, the black bile the phlegm and the yellow bile.
Underneath the cerebral cortex are several structures, including the thalamus, the epithalamus, the pineal gland, the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the subthalamus; the limbic structures, including the amygdalae and the hippocampi, the claustrum, the various nuclei of the basal ganglia, the basal forebrain structures, and three ...
Archaeologists have discovered a mask mold believed to depict Medusa at Valley of the Temples Archaeological Park in in Sicily, Italy. The park is open to visitors on weekdays.
As a noun, this word refers to the mammary gland of a cow, sheep or other animal. It typically hangs under their body and produces milk. OK, that's it for hints—I don't want to totally give it ...
These cats were worshipped by ancient Egyptian pharaohs and mummified Egyptian Maus have been found in Egyptian tombs. Egyptian Mau (Cont.) ©Nature Picture/ via Getty Images.