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Stainless steel, also known as inox, corrosion-resistant steel (CRES), and rustless steel, is an iron-based alloy containing a minimum level of chromium that is resistant to rusting and corrosion. Stainless steel's resistance to corrosion results from the 10.5%, or more, chromium content which forms a passive film that can protect the material ...
Ferritic stainless steel alloys are designated as part of the 400-series of stainless steels in the SAE steel grades numbering system. By comparison with austenitic stainless steels, these are less hardenable by cold working and less weldable, but more cost-effective due to the lower nickel content.
In 200 series stainless steels the structure is obtained by adding manganese and nitrogen, with a small amount of nickel content, making 200 series a cost-effective nickel-chromium austenitic type stainless steel. 300 series stainless steels are the larger subgroup. The most common austenitic stainless steel and most common of all stainless ...
Martensitic stainless steels can be high- or low-carbon steels built around the composition of iron, 12% up to 17% chromium, carbon from 0.10% (Type 410) up to 1.2% (Type 440C): [8] The chromium and carbon contents are balanced to have a martensitic structure.
The main differences in composition, when compared with austenitic stainless steel is that duplex steels have a higher chromium content, 20–28%; higher molybdenum, up to 5%; lower nickel, up to 9% and 0.05–0.50% nitrogen. Both the low nickel content and the high strength (enabling thinner sections to be used) give significant cost benefits.
Type 304—the most common grade; the classic 18/8 (18% chromium, 8% nickel) stainless steel. Outside of the US it is commonly known as "A2 stainless steel", in accordance with ISO 3506 (not to be confused with A2 tool steel). [6] The Japanese equivalent grade of this material is SUS304.