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Tobacco smoking during pregnancy causes many detrimental effects on health and reproduction, in addition to the general health effects of tobacco.A number of studies have shown that tobacco use is a significant factor in miscarriages among pregnant smokers, and that it contributes to a number of other threats to the health of the foetus.
It's been known that smoking while pregnant can harm babies, and now researchers in England believe they've been able to show the effects using ultrasound scans. Researchers at Lancaster and ...
Smoking during pregnancy is dangerous to the unborn baby and may cause pre-term birth, birth defects such as cleft lip or cleft palate, or miscarriage. [93] [80] Tobacco is the most commonly used substance among pregnant women, at 25%. [87] [94] Nicotine crosses the placenta and accumulates within fetal tissues.
Risk factors include folate deficiency, drinking alcohol or smoking during pregnancy, poorly controlled diabetes, and a mother over the age of 35 years old. [5] [6] Many birth defects are believed to involve multiple factors. [6] Birth defects may be visible at birth or diagnosed by screening tests. [10]
The use of tobacco, cocaine, and excessive alcohol during pregnancy increases the chance of preterm delivery. Tobacco is the most commonly used drug during pregnancy and contributes significantly to low birth weight delivery. [62] Babies with birth defects are at higher risk of being born preterm. [63]
During pregnancy, women with preeclampsia faces serious risk of damage to vital organs such as the kidneys, liver, brain, and the blood system. This hypertensive disorder may also cause damage to the placenta leading to issues such as premature births , miscarriages, placental abruption, or even stillbirths.
Nicotine has been shown to produce birth defects in humans and is considered a teratogen. [42] [43] The median lethal dose of nicotine in humans is unknown. [44] High doses are known to cause nicotine poisoning, organ failure, and death through paralysis of respiratory muscles, [41] [45] though serious or fatal overdoses are rare. [46]
But new research now suggests that the use of the medication among men planning to conceive or women in early pregnancy does not appear to be linked with an increased risk of major birth defects ...