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The simplest is the slope-intercept form: = +, from which one can immediately see the slope a and the initial value () =, which is the y-intercept of the graph = (). Given a slope a and one known value () =, we write the point-slope form:
A log–log plot of y = x (blue), y = x 2 (green), and y = x 3 (red). Note the logarithmic scale markings on each of the axes, and that the log x and log y axes (where the logarithms are 0) are where x and y themselves are 1. Comparison of linear, concave, and convex functions when plotted using a linear scale (left) or a log scale (right).
Slope illustrated for y = (3/2)x − 1.Click on to enlarge Slope of a line in coordinates system, from f(x) = −12x + 2 to f(x) = 12x + 2. The slope of a line in the plane containing the x and y axes is generally represented by the letter m, [5] and is defined as the change in the y coordinate divided by the corresponding change in the x coordinate, between two distinct points on the line.
A non-vertical line can be defined by its slope m, and its y-intercept y 0 (the y coordinate of its intersection with the y-axis). In this case, its linear equation can be written = +. If, moreover, the line is not horizontal, it can be defined by its slope and its x-intercept x 0. In this case, its equation can be written
where is the slope and is the y-intercept. Because this is a function of only x {\displaystyle x} , it can't represent a vertical line. Therefore, it would be useful to make this equation written as a function of both x {\displaystyle x} and y {\displaystyle y} , to be able to draw lines at any angle.
The naming is output–input (y–x), the opposite order from (x, y). On a semi-log plot the spacing of the scale on the y-axis (or x-axis) is proportional to the logarithm of the number, not the number itself. It is equivalent to converting the y values (or x values) to their log, and
When plotted in the manner described above, the value of the y-intercept (at = / =) will correspond to (), and the slope of the line will be equal to /. The values of y-intercept and slope can be determined from the experimental points using simple linear regression with a spreadsheet .
The line with equation ax + by + c = 0 has slope -a/b, so any line perpendicular to it will have slope b/a (the negative reciprocal). Let (m, n) be the point of intersection of the line ax + by + c = 0 and the line perpendicular to it which passes through the point (x 0, y 0). The line through these two points is perpendicular to the original ...