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The Antoine equation is a class of semi-empirical correlations describing the relation between vapor pressure and temperature for pure substances. The Antoine equation is derived from the Clausius–Clapeyron relation. The equation was presented in 1888 by the French engineer Louis Charles Antoine (1825–1897). [1]
Therefore, the August–Roche–Magnus equation implies that saturation water vapor pressure changes approximately exponentially with temperature under typical atmospheric conditions, and hence the water-holding capacity of the atmosphere increases by about 7% for every 1 °C rise in temperature.
The Antoine equation [3] [4] is a pragmatic mathematical expression of the relation between the vapor pressure and the temperature of pure liquid or solid substances. It is obtained by curve-fitting and is adapted to the fact that vapor pressure is usually increasing and concave as a function of temperature. The basic form of the equation is:
The only variable quantity of the ideal gas law independent of density and pressure is temperature. This scaled quantity is known as virtual temperature, and it allows for the use of the dry-air equation of state for moist air. [5] Temperature has an inverse proportionality to density.
Understanding the temperature dependence of viscosity is important for many ... This equation was first proposed in 1913, ... Water: H 2 O 1.856·10 −11: 4209 0. ...
The fourth column is the density of the vapor. The fifth column is the heat of vaporization needed to convert one gram of liquid to vapor. Freezing curve of ammonia-water system.
This equation and notation works in much the same way as the temperature equation. This equation describes the motion of water from one place to another at a point without taking into account water that changes form. Inside a given system, the total change in water with time is zero. However, concentrations are allowed to move with the wind.
The Lee–Kesler method [1] allows the estimation of the saturated vapor pressure at a given temperature for all components for which the critical pressure P c, the critical temperature T c, and the acentric factor ω are known.