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Blumenbach's classification of the single human species into five varieties (later called "races") (1793/1795): the Caucasian or white race. Blumenbach was the first to use this term for Europeans, and he also included Middle Easterners and South Asians in the same category. [17] the Mongolian or yellow race, including all East Asians.
Blumenbach counts the inhabitants of North Africa among the "Caucasian race", grouping the other Africans as "Ethiopian race". In this context, he names the " Abyssinians " and " Moors " as peoples through which the "Ethiopian race" gradually "flows together" with the "Caucasian race".
the Ethiopian or black race, including all sub-Saharan Africans. the American or red race, including all Native Americans. Blumenbach argued that physical characteristics like the collective characteristic types of facial structure and hair characteristics, skin color, cranial profile, etc., depended on geography and nutrition and custom.
Ethiopian race may refer to: Ethiopian people; Ethiopid race; Negroid race, as defined by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach in Handbuch der Naturgeschichte (1779), peoples of most of Africa, Australia, New Guinea and other Pacific Islands
For Blumenbach, all people of the world existed as different gradations on a spectrum. [7] Nevertheless, the third edition of De Generis Humani Varietate Nativa , published in 1795, is famed among scholars for its introduction of a system of racial classification which divided humans into members of the Caucasian, Ethiopian, Mongolian, Malayan ...
Although Blumenbach's work was later used in scientific racism, Blumenbach was a monogenist and did not believe the human "varieties" were inherently inferior to each other. However he believed in the "degenerative hypothesis", and believed that the Malay race were a transitory form between Caucasians and Ethiopians. [3] [8] Malay variety.
In Blumenbach's concept, the Mongolian race comprises the peoples living in Asia east of the Ob River, the Caspian Sea and the Ganges River, with the exception of the Malays, who are considered to be transitional between Caucasian and Ethiopian.
Ethiopid (also spelled Aethiopid) [a] is an outdated racial classification of humans indigenous to Northeast Africa, who were typically classified as part of the Caucasian race – the Hamitic sub-branch, or in rare instances the Negroid race.