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Baby sign language is the use of manual signing allowing infants and toddlers to communicate emotions, desires, and objects prior to spoken language development. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] With guidance and encouragement, signing develops from a natural stage in infant development known as gesture . [ 3 ]
For example, language delay can present as a lack of communicative gestures or sounds. Language delay in children is associated with increased difficulty with reading, writing, attention, and/or socialization. [17] In addition, an inability to engage in social exchanges is a sign of language delay at all ages. [15]
Children can use gesture to communicate before they have the ability to use spoken words and phrases. In this way gestures can prepare children to learn a spoken language, creating a bridge from pre-verbal communication to speech. [1] [2] The onset of gesture has also been shown to predict and facilitate children's spoken language acquisition.
Approximately 5% of deaf children acquire a sign language from birth from their deaf parents. [37] Deaf children with hearing parents often have a delayed process of sign language acquisition, beginning at the time when the parents start learning a sign language or when the child attends a signing program. [1]
The system was widespread in Deaf schools in the UK from the 1960s to the 1980s, but since the emergence of British Sign Language and the BSL-based Signed English in deaf education, its use is now largely restricted to the field of speech and language disorder and is available if the learner has attended a course of instruction. [4]
A late talker is a toddler experiencing late language emergence (LLE), [2] [3] which can also be an early or secondary sign of an autism spectrum disorder, or other developmental disorders, such as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, intellectual disability, learning disability, social communication disorder, or specific language impairment.
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Language deprivation in deaf and hard-of-hearing children is a delay in language development that occurs when sufficient exposure to language, spoken or signed, is not provided in the first few years of a deaf or hard of hearing child's life, often called the critical or sensitive period. Early intervention, parental involvement, and other ...