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2. Failure to Progress: Lack of dilation or descent of the baby despite strong contractions. 3. Severe Pain: Intense pain that is disproportionate to normal labor pain. 4. Fetal Distress: Signs like abnormal heart rate patterns detected via fetal monitoring. 5. Maternal Exhaustion: Extreme fatigue in the mother due to prolonged labor. 6.
Signs of asynclitism which may be observed without medical diagnostic equipment include visual asymmetric baby bumps, caused by the baby's head being tilted asymmetrically in relation to the mother's pelvis, or by an abnormal buildup of amniotic fluid. [15]
The main causes of obstructed labour include a large or abnormally positioned baby, a small pelvis, and problems with the birth canal. [2] Both the size and the position of the fetus can lead to obstructed labor. Abnormal positioning includes shoulder dystocia where the anterior shoulder does not pass easily below the pubic bone. [2]
Abnormal position of the baby, prematurity, twin pregnancy, multiple prior pregnancies [2] [3] Diagnostic method: Suspected based on a sudden decrease in baby's heart rate during labor, confirmed by seeing or feeling the cord in the vagina [4] Differential diagnosis: Abruptio placentae [2] Treatment: Rapid delivery, usually by cesarean section ...
Fetal malpresentations are irregular positions of the crown of the fetal head in relation to the mother's pelvis (the fetus is in an abnormal position). [9] Some important ways to manage fetal malpresentation are making rapid evaluations of the condition of the women pertaining to vital signs as well as the heart rate of the fetus. [9]
In obstetrics, a cephalic presentation or head presentation or head-first presentation is a situation at childbirth where the fetus is in a longitudinal lie and the head enters the pelvis first; the most common form of cephalic presentation is the vertex presentation, where the occiput is the leading part (the part that first enters the birth canal). [1]
In obstetrics, position is the orientation of the fetus in the womb, identified by the location of the presenting part of the fetus relative to the pelvis of the mother. Conventionally, it is the position assumed by the fetus before the process of birth, as the fetus assumes various positions and postures during the course of childbirth .
The exact cause of morning sickness remains unknown. Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy is typically mild and self-limited, resolving on its own by the 14th week of pregnancy. Other causes should also be ruled out when considering treatment. Initial treatment is typically conservative, and may include changes to diet and emotional support.