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Second African-American Space Shuttle pilot, Charles Bolden; Last successful mission before STS-51-L [72] [73] 25 28 January 1986 16:38:00 UTC 11:38:00 EST STS-51-L: Challenger: 7 00d 00h 01m 13s LC-39B: Did not land [b] Planned tracking and data relay satellite deployment; Teacher in space flight; First Space Shuttle launch from LC-39B
The Space Shuttle program was the fourth human spaceflight program carried out by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which accomplished routine transportation for Earth-to-orbit crew and cargo from 1981 to 2011.
Mission success Country/organization Mission name Ref(s). 12 November 1980: Saturn flyby (closest approach 124,000 km), close encounter of Titan and encounters with a dozen other moons. USA (NASA) Voyager 1: 12 April 1981: First reusable crewed orbital spacecraft (Space Shuttle). USA (NASA) STS-1: 1 March 1982: First Venus soil samples
The shuttle program was marked by triumphs and failures, including the 2003 Columbia disaster. The tragedies left a lasting mark on the perception of risks in space.
Comparison of NASA Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, and Space Shuttle spacecraft with their launch vehicles. This is a list of NASA missions, both crewed and robotic, since the establishment of NASA in 1957. There are over 80 currently active science missions. [1]
In 2007, NASA engineers devised a solution so Space Shuttle flights could cross the year-end boundary. [30] Space Shuttle missions typically brought a portable general support computer (PGSC) that could integrate with the orbiter vehicle's computers and communication suite, as well as monitor scientific and payload data.
After nine missions in 1985, the most in any calendar year, policies called for increasing to as many as 24 flights annually. The Challenger lifts off Jan. 28, 1986, at Kennedy Space Center in ...
Following their first mission of détente on the 1975 Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, the Soviet Union and the United States again collaborated with each other on the Shuttle-Mir initiative, efforts which led to the International Space Station (ISS), which has been continuously inhabited by humans for over 20 years.