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Anti-double stranded DNA (Anti-dsDNA) antibodies are a group of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) the target antigen of which is double stranded DNA. Blood tests such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence are routinely performed to detect anti-dsDNA antibodies in diagnostic laboratories.
Anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies are highly associated with SLE. They are a very specific marker for the disease, with some studies quoting nearly 100%. [8] Data on sensitivity ranges from 25 to 85%. Anti-dsDNA antibody levels, known as titres, correlate with disease activity in SLE; high levels indicate more active lupus.
For instance, up to 80% of those with SLE will have a positive double strand anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) autoantibody test, but only about 25–30% will have a positive RNP. Some individuals who do have an autoimmune disorder will have negative autoantibody test results, but at a later date – as the disorder progresses - the ...
A viral titer is the lowest concentration of a virus that still infects cells. To determine the titer, several dilutions are prepared, such as 10 −1, 10 −2, 10 −3, ... 10 −8. [1] The titer of a fat is the temperature, in degrees Celsius, at which it solidifies. [4] The higher the titer, the harder the fat.
Anti-histone antibodies can be clinically detected using an ELISA assay. A blood sample is required for the test. [9] [5] Indirect immunofluorescence can also be used to detect anti-histone antibodies. Homogeneous, diffuse staining indicates the presence of anti-histone antibodies, chromatin, and some double-stranded DNA. [4]
During CSR, portions of the antibody heavy chain locus are removed from the chromosome, and the gene segments surrounding the deleted portion are rejoined to retain a functional antibody gene that produces antibody of a different isotype. Double-stranded breaks are generated in DNA at conserved nucleotide motifs, called switch (S) regions ...
With a low titer, ANA may be positive. Anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies are uncommon. Anti-Ro antibodies will be present in approximately 50% of the population. [11] SLE associated with C2D is regarded as less severe when compared to other complement deficiencies.
At a wavelength of 260 nm, the average extinction coefficient for double-stranded DNA is 0.020 (μg/mL) −1 cm −1, for single-stranded DNA it is 0.027 (μg/mL) −1 cm −1, for single-stranded RNA it is 0.025 (μg/mL) −1 cm −1 and for short single-stranded oligonucleotides it is dependent on the length and base composition.