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Hello Girls was the colloquial name for American female switchboard operators in World War I, formally known as the Signal Corps Female Telephone Operators Unit. During World War I, these switchboard operators were sworn into the U.S. Army Signal Corps. [1] Until 1977 they were officially categorized as civilian "contract employees" of the US ...
A telephone switchboard is a device that allows telephone lines to be interconnected, enabling the routing of calls between different phones or phone networks. [17] The switchboard operator was a person who manually connected calls by plugging and unplugging cords on the switchboard.
Awards. Distinguished Service Medal. Grace D. Banker (October 25, 1892 – December 17, 1960) [1] was a telephone operator who served during World War I (1917–1918) as chief operator of mobile for the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) in the U.S. Army Signal Corps. She led thirty-three women telephone operators known popularly as Hello Girls.
PBX switchboard, 1975. A telephone switchboard is a device used to connect circuits of telephones to establish telephone calls between users or other switchboards. The switchboard is an essential component of a manual telephone exchange, and is operated by switchboard operators who use electrical cords or switches to establish the connections.
Telephone exchange. A telephone operator manually connecting calls with cord pairs at a telephone switchboard. A modern central office, equipped with voice communication and broadband data capabilities. A telephone exchange, also known as a telephone switch or central office, is a crucial component in the public switched telephone network (PSTN ...
Hughes telegraph, an early (1855) teleprinter built by Siemens and Halske. Electrical telegraphy is a point-to-point text messaging system, primarily used from the 1840s until the late 20th century. It was the first electrical telecommunications system and the most widely used of a number of early messaging systems called telegraphs, that were ...
Switchboard technology was a demanding task, involving numerous plugs, keys, lights, connecting cords, and complicated protocols for establishing connections. The full-time operators were on duty 56 hours per week, and while they often grumbled about being overworked by a harsh boss, Johnson says they were reasonably compensated at $50 a month ...
A party line (multiparty line, shared service line, party wire) is a local loop telephone circuit that is shared by multiple telephone service subscribers. [1][2][3] Party line systems were widely used to provide telephone service, starting with the first commercial switchboards in 1878. [4] A majority of Bell System subscribers in the mid-20th ...