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Brain ischemia has been linked to a variety of diseases or abnormalities. Individuals with sickle cell anemia, compressed blood vessels, ventricular tachycardia, plaque buildup in the arteries, blood clots, extremely low blood pressure as a result of heart attack, and congenital heart defects have a higher predisposition to brain ischemia in comparison to the average population.
Stroke-related dementia involving successive small strokes causes a more gradual decline in cognition. [4] Dementia may occur when neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular pathologies are mixed, as in susceptible elderly people (75 years and older). [2] [5] Cognitive decline can be traced back to occurrence of successive strokes. [4]
Anemia and carbon monoxide poisoning are common causes of hypemic hypoxia. Ischemic hypoxia ( or "stagnant hypoxia") – Reduced brain oxygen is caused by inadequate blood flow to the brain. Stroke, shock, cardiac arrest and heart attack may cause stagnant hypoxia. Ischemic hypoxia can also be created by pressure on the brain.
Ischemia is a vascular disease involving an interruption in the arterial blood supply to a tissue, organ, or extremity that, if untreated, can lead to tissue death. It can be caused by embolism, thrombosis of an atherosclerotic artery, or trauma. Venous problems like venous outflow obstruction and low-flow states can cause acute arterial ischemia.
A microinfarct is a microscopic stroke generally ranging between 0.1 millimeter and 1 millimeter in size. [1] [2] Microinfarcts can be found in 25-50% of all elderly deceased persons. Microinfarcts may be the second most important cause of dementia, after Alzheimer's disease. [3] [4]
Sickle-cell anemia, which can cause blood cells to clump up and block blood vessels, can also lead to stroke. Stroke is the second leading cause of death in people under 20 with sickle-cell anemia. [53] Air pollution may also increase stroke risk. [54]
Once you get an evaluation, a doctor will usually order a blood test to check for a vitamin B12 deficiency, along with other potential factors that could cause dementia-like symptoms, Sachdev says.
Many of these diseases can be asymptomatic until an acute event, such as a stroke, occurs. [9] Cerebrovascular diseases can also present less commonly with headache or seizures. [10] Any of these diseases can result in vascular dementia due to ischemic damage to the brain. [11] [12]