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The CPT code revisions in 2013 were part of a periodic five-year review of codes. Some psychotherapy codes changed numbers, for example 90806 changed to 90834 for individual psychotherapy of a similar duration. Add-on codes were created for the complexity of communication about procedures.
Spinal manipulation, which chiropractors call "spinal adjustment" or "chiropractic adjustment", is the most common treatment used in chiropractic care. [83] Spinal manipulation is a passive manual maneuver during which a three-joint complex is taken past the normal range of movement, but not so far as to dislocate or damage the joint. [ 84 ]
It was modified and revived in the 1990s, primarily by chiropractors, and also by osteopathic physicians; this was likely due to safer anesthesia used for conscious sedation, along with increased interest in spinal manipulation (SM). [26] In the MUA literature, spinal manipulation under anesthesia has been described as a controversial procedure.
Lumbar, cervical and thoracic chiropractic spinal manipulation. In the late 19th century in North America, therapies including osteopathy and chiropractic became popular. [8] Spinal manipulation gained mainstream recognition during the 1980s. [1] In this system, hands are used to manipulate, massage or otherwise influence the spine and related ...
Irvin Korr, J. S. Denslow and colleagues did the original body of research on manual therapy. [2] Korr described it as the "Application of an accurately determined and specifically directed manual force to the body, in order to improve mobility in areas that are restricted; in joints, in connective tissues or in skeletal muscles."
Many definitions of joint manipulation have been proposed. [1] The most rigorous definition, based on available empirical research is that of Evans and Lucas: [2] "Separation (gapping) of opposing articular surfaces of a synovial joint, caused by a force applied perpendicularly to those articular surfaces, that results in cavitation within the synovial fluid of that joint."
Spinal manipulation is an intervention performed on synovial joints of the spine, including the z-joints, the atlanto-occipital, atlanto-axial, lumbosacral, sacroiliac, costotransverse and costovertebral joints.
The Activator Method Chiropractic Technique is a chiropractic treatment method that uses a device created by Arlan Fuhr as an alternative to manual manipulation of the spine or extremity joints. The device is categorized as a mechanical force manual assisted (MFMA) instrument which is generally regarded as a softer chiropractic treatment ...