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H 2 C=CH 2 + Cl 2 → ClCH 2 CH 2 Cl. Ethylene dichloride is a commodity chemical, which is mainly used for the industrial production of vinyl chloride, the monomer for making PVC. [44] Illustrating it use as a Lewis acid, iron(III) chloride catalyses electrophilic aromatic substitution and chlorinations.
Industrially, the diazonium method is reserved for 3-chlorotoluene. The industrial route to 2- and 4-chlorotoluene entails direct reaction of toluene with chlorine. The more valuable 4-chlorotoluene is separated from 2-chlorotoluene by distillation. Distillation cannot be applied to separating 3-chlorotoluene from 4-chlorotoluene. [2]
In organic chemistry, an electrophilic aromatic halogenation is a type of electrophilic aromatic substitution.This organic reaction is typical of aromatic compounds and a very useful method for adding substituents to an aromatic system.
This Wikipedia page provides a comprehensive list of boiling and freezing points for various solvents.
Toluene (/ ˈ t ɒ l. j u iː n /), also known as toluol (/ ˈ t ɒ l. j u. ɒ l , - ɔː l , - oʊ l / ), is a substituted aromatic hydrocarbon [ 15 ] with the chemical formula C 6 H 5 CH 3 , often abbreviated as PhCH 3 , where Ph stands for the phenyl group.
A Assuming an altitude of 194 metres above mean sea level (the worldwide median altitude of human habitation), an indoor temperature of 23 °C, a dewpoint of 9 °C (40.85% relative humidity), and 760 mmHg sea level–corrected barometric pressure (molar water vapor content = 1.16%).
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Lawrencite, (Fe,Ni)Cl 2, is the natural counterpart, and a typically (though rarely occurring) meteoritic mineral. [14] The natural form of the dihydrate is rokühnite - a very rare mineral. [ 15 ] Related, but more complex (in particular, basic or hydrated) minerals are hibbingite , droninoite and kuliginite .