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The 2007 cyberattacks on Estonia were a series of cyberattacks that began on 27 April 2007 and targeted websites of Estonian organizations, including Estonian parliament, banks, ministries, newspapers, and broadcasters, amid the country's disagreement with Russia about the relocation of the Bronze Soldier of Tallinn, an elaborate Soviet-era grave marker, as well as war graves in Tallinn.
The attack was estimated to have affected more than 300,000 computers [6] across 150 countries, [6] with total damages ranging from hundreds of millions to billions of dollars. At the time, security experts believed from preliminary evaluation of the worm that the attack originated from North Korea or agencies working for the country.
2012 Operation Ababil, a series of cyber attacks starting in 2012, targeting various American financial institutions and carried out by a group calling itself the Cyber fighters of Izz Ad-Din Al Qassam. 2013 Singapore cyberattacks, attack by Anonymous "in response to web censorship regulations in the country, specifically on news outlets"
In 2024, cyber-specialists working as part of the Main Directorate of Intelligence of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine (HUR) and the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) initiated several cyberattacks on Russian technology and infrastructure, including attacks on Russia's banking sector, Russian internet providers, regional and municipal administration web resources, Russian airports, several ...
GhostNet: A fictitious code name given to a large-scale surveillance project that is believed to be operated by the People's Republic of China. [41] Stuxnet: It is the first discovered malware that spies on industrial systems, and it was used to attack Iran's nuclear facilities. [42]
Cozy Bear has been observed targeting and compromising organizations and foreign governments worldwide (including Russian opposition countries such as NATO and Five Eyes) and the commercial sector (notably financial, manufacturing, energy and telecom). [19] Targeting also included South America, and Asia (notably China and South Korea). [25]
The purpose of these attacks is to install custom malware. [8] APT attacks on mobile devices have also become a legitimate concern, since attackers are able to penetrate into cloud and mobile infrastructure to eavesdrop, steal, and tamper with data. [9] The median "dwell-time", the time an APT attack goes undetected, differs widely between regions.
In many countries, cyberattacks are prosecutable under various laws aimed at cybercrime. [109] Attribution of the attack beyond reasonable doubt to the accused is also a major challenge in criminal proceedings. [110] In 2021, United Nations member states began negotiating a draft cybercrime treaty. [111]