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Plot of the ReLU (blue) and GELU (green) functions near x = 0. In the context of artificial neural networks, the rectifier or ReLU (rectified linear unit) activation function [1] [2] is an activation function defined as the non-negative part of its argument, i.e., the ramp function:
The activation function of a node in an artificial neural network is a function that calculates the output of the node based on its individual inputs and their weights. Nontrivial problems can be solved using only a few nodes if the activation function is nonlinear .
The swish function is a family of mathematical function defined as follows: . The swish function = = +. [1]. where can be constant (usually set to 1) or trainable.. The swish family was designed to smoothly interpolate between a linear function and the ReLU function.
The simplest kind of feedforward neural network (FNN) is a linear network, which consists of a single layer of output nodes with linear activation functions; the inputs are fed directly to the outputs via a series of weights. The sum of the products of the weights and the inputs is calculated at each node.
This can be seen as the composition of K linear functions , …, and the softmax function (where denotes the inner product of and ). The operation is equivalent to applying a linear operator defined by w {\displaystyle \mathbf {w} } to vectors x {\displaystyle \mathbf {x} } , thus transforming the original, probably highly-dimensional, input to ...
PyTorch defines a module called nn (torch.nn) to describe neural networks and to support training. This module offers a comprehensive collection of building blocks for neural networks, including various layers and activation functions, enabling the construction of complex models.
Alternative activation functions have been proposed, including the rectifier and softplus functions. More specialized activation functions include radial basis functions (used in radial basis networks, another class of supervised neural network models). In recent developments of deep learning the rectified linear unit (ReLU) is more frequently ...
Plot of the piecewise linear activation function for use as nonlinearity in neural networks. Source Own work Date 2020-02-05 Author L337h4x0r. Permission