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In some applications wire sizes are specified as the cross sectional area of the wire, usually in mm 2. Advantages of this system include the ability to readily calculate the physical dimensions or weight of wire, ability to take account of non-circular wire, and ease of calculation of electrical properties.
The phase velocity at which electrical signals travel along a transmission line or other cable depends on the construction of the line. Therefore, the wavelength corresponding to a given frequency varies in different types of lines, thus at a given frequency different conductors of the same physical length can have different electrical lengths.
In the North American electrical industry, conductors thicker than 4/0 AWG are generally identified by the area in thousands of circular mils (kcmil), where 1 kcmil = 0.5067 mm 2. The next wire size thicker than 4/0 has a cross section of 250 kcmil. A circular mil is the area of a wire one mil in diameter. One million circular mils is the area ...
The formula to calculate the area in circular mil for any given AWG (American Wire Gauge) size is as follows.represents the area of number AWG. = (() /) For example, a number 12 gauge wire would use =:
The name twin lead is most often used to refer specifically to 300 Ω (Ohm) ribbon cable, the most common type, but on occasion, twin lead is used to refer to any type of parallel wire line. Parallel wire line is available with several different values of characteristic impedance such as twin lead ribbon cable (300 Ω), window line (300 Ω, 350 ...
Conductor sizes range from 12 mm 2 (#6 American wire gauge) to 750 mm 2 (1,590,000 circular mils area), with varying resistance and current-carrying capacity. For large conductors (more than a few centimetres in diameter), much of the current flow is concentrated near the surface due to the skin effect. The center of the conductor carries ...
In this configuration each pair uses two non-adjacent conductors. Other times it is used for a single, balanced line, such as audio applications and 2-wire telephony. In this configuration two non-adjacent conductors are terminated together at both ends of the cable, and the other two conductors are also terminated together. When used for two ...
For cables, the swapping is gradual and continuous; that is the two or three conductors are twisted around each other. For communication cables, this is called twisted pair. For overhead power lines or open pair communication lines, the conductors are exchanged at pylons, for example at transposition towers or at utility poles, respectively.