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Standard 12-point hex socket bits and wrenches fit these screws. The screw heads are typically flanged, and may fit into standard Allen hex socket cap screw counterbores molded or machined into parts to be fastened. Compared to Allen hex sockets, the advantages of these bolts include higher torque capability and the lack of a recess to trap water.
All three patterns may also be combined with a slot for a flat-blade screwdriver. Usually they are provided with a 1/4 in (0.25 inches (6.4 mm)) flanged hex head. Non-standard metricized 5.5 millimetres (0.22 in) flanged hex heads can also be encountered. Also common are pan head screws - a low disk with a chamfered outer edge.
The idea of a hex socket screw drive was probably conceived as early as the 1860s to the 1890s, but such screws were probably not manufactured until around 1910. Rybczynski (2000) describes a flurry of patents for alternative drive types in the 1860s to the 1890s in the U.S., [2] which are confirmed to include internal-wrenching square and triangle types (that is, square and triangular sockets ...
Square head cap screws up to and including 3 ⁄ 4 inch (19.05 mm) have a head 1 ⁄ 8 inch (3.175 mm) larger than the shank; screws larger than 3 ⁄ 4 inch (19.05 mm) have a head 1 ⁄ 4 inch (6.35 mm) larger than the shank. [9] In 1919, Dyke defined them as screws that are threaded all the way to the head. [10] socket screw
Below are some common spanner sizes for metric screw threads. Hexagonal (generally abbreviated to "hex") head widths (width across flats, spanner size) are for DIN 934 hex nuts and hex head bolts. Other (usually smaller) sizes may occur to reduce weight or cost, including the small series flange bolts defined in ISO 4162 which typically have ...
The hand tool for driving hex head threaded fasteners is a spanner (UK usage) or wrench (US usage), while a nut setter is used with a power screw driver. Modern screws employ a wide variety of screw drive designs , each requiring a different kind of tool to drive in or extract them.