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Vitamin K is a family of structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamers found in foods and marketed as dietary supplements. [1] The human body requires vitamin K for post-synthesis modification of certain proteins that are required for blood coagulation ("K" from Danish koagulation, for "coagulation") or for controlling binding of calcium in bones and other tissues. [2]
Phytomenadione, also known as vitamin K 1 or phylloquinone, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement. [6] [7] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [8] It is used to treat certain bleeding disorders, [7] including warfarin overdose, vitamin K deficiency, and obstructive jaundice. [7]
Menaquinone-4 (also known as menatetrenone from its four isoprene residues) is the most common type of vitamin K 2 in animal products since MK-4 is normally synthesized from vitamin K 1 in certain animal tissues (arterial walls, pancreas, and testes) by replacement of the phytyl tail with an unsaturated geranylgeranyl tail containing four ...
Along these lines, vitamin K is also known to reduce bone fracture rates. Research has shown that low vitamin K intake has been linked to an increased risk of hip fractures in both men and women.
In 1929, Henrik Dam discovered Vitamin K, also known as phylloquinone, phytonadione, or phytomenadione, which is a fat-soluble vitamin. Vitamin K is a family of structures of the aforementioned molecules and is not a single compound.
The compound is variously known as vitamin K 3 [7] and provitamin K 3. [8] Proponents of the latter name generally argue that the compound is not a real vitamin due to its artificial status (prior to its identification as a circulating intermediate) and its lack of a 3-methyl side chain preventing it from exerting all the functions (specifically, it cannot act as a cofactor for GGCX in vitro ...
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Menatetrenone , also known as menaquinone-4 (MK-4), is one of the nine forms of vitamin K 2. ... MK-4 is the major form of Vitamin K in vertebrate animals, including ...