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2. Surge protector - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surge_protector

   Surge Protection Device (SPD) for installation in a low-voltage distribution board. A surge protector (or spike suppressor, surge suppressor, surge diverter, [1] surge protection device (SPD), transient voltage suppressor (TVS) or transient voltage surge suppressor (TVSS)) is an appliance or device intended to protect electrical devices in alternating current (AC) circuits from voltage spikes ...

3. IEC 61000-4-5 - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEC_61000-4-5

   This is the most commonly used surge waveform for most applications, often referred to as a "1.2/50-8/20 μs" surge. Alternatively, for outdoor telecommunication networks that experience a higher surge level, the standard also defines a more energetic generator with a 10/700 μs voltage waveform and a 5/320 μs current waveform.

4. Lightning rod - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightning_rod

   A lightning protection installation on a watercraft comprises a lightning protector mounted on the top of a mast or superstructure, and a grounding conductor in contact with the water. Electrical conductors attach to the protector and run down to the conductor. For a vessel with a conducting (iron or steel) hull, the grounding conductor is the ...

5. Transient-voltage-suppression diode - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transient-voltage...

   A transient-voltage-suppression diode can respond to over-voltages faster than other common over-voltage protection components such as varistors or gas discharge tubes. The actual clamping occurs in roughly one picosecond, but in a practical circuit the inductance of the wires leading to the device imposes a higher limit. This makes transient ...

6. Varistor - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varistor

   The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) has documented many cases of catastrophic fires that have been caused by MOV devices in surge suppressors, and has issued bulletins on the issue. [21] A 130 volt, 150 J MOV that has undergone catastrophic failure, apparently as a result of a lightning strike, showing evidence of heat and smoke.

7. Lightning arrester - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightning_arrester

   Powerline worker performs maintenance of a lightning arrester on an electrical transmission tower in New Brunswick, Canada. A lightning arrester (alternative spelling lightning arrestor) (also called lightning isolator) is a device, essentially an air gap between an electric wire and ground, used on electric power transmission and telecommunication systems to protect the insulation and ...