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Staining should enhance the appearance of wood by reducing colour variation between and within sapwood and heartwood. It also provides a way of giving bland-looking woods such as poplar, the appearance of prized furniture woods such as ebony, mahogany or walnut. Wood can be stained using dyes or pigmented finishes. These finishes are available ...
Wood finishing is one of the most traditional and still popular uses of shellac mixed with solvents or alcohol. This dissolved shellac liquid, applied to a piece of wood, is an evaporative finish: the alcohol of the shellac mixture evaporates, leaving behind a protective film. [39] Shellac as wood finish is natural and non-toxic in its pure form.
Polyurethane synthesis, wherein the urethane groups −NH−(C=O)−O− link the molecular units A kitchen sponge made of polyurethane foam . Polyurethane (/ ˌ p ɒ l i ˈ jʊər ə ˌ θ eɪ n,-j ʊəˈr ɛ θ eɪ n /; [1] often abbreviated PUR and PU) refers to a class of polymers composed of organic units joined by carbamate (urethane) links.
A table green wood-stained and varnished with three layers of polyurethane varnish. Polyurethane varnishes are typically hard, abrasion-resistant, and durable coatings. They are popular for hardwood floors but are considered by some wood finishers to be difficult or unsuitable for finishing furniture or other detailed pieces. Polyurethanes are ...
Finishing the piece will require fine abrasive paper, always backed by a sanding block. Choices of sealers and finishes that can be applied include ordinary varnish, special varnishes, polyurethane (either oil or water based), wax, and French polish. Sand shading is a process used to make a picture appear to be more three-dimensional.
Relative to oil or shellac varnishes, polyurethane varnish forms a harder film which tends to de-laminate if subjected to heat or shock, fracturing the film and leaving white patches. This tendency increases when it is applied over softer woods like pine. This is also in part due to polyurethane's lesser penetration into the wood.