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English: Reaction scheme for the diazo coupling of benzenediazonium chloride with aniline, forming 4-(phenyldiazenyl)aniline (description copied from File:Azo-coupling-B-2D-skeletal.png) ACS standard.
In organic chemistry, an azo coupling is an reaction between a diazonium compound (R−N≡N +) and another aromatic compound that produces an azo compound (R−N=N−R’).In this electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, the aryldiazonium cation is the electrophile, and the activated carbon (usually from an arene, which is called coupling agent), serves as a nucleophile.
The following other wikis use this file: Usage on fi.wikipedia.org Diatsoniumsuolat; Atsokytkentä; Usage on hu.wikipedia.org Diazóniumvegyületek
Azo pigments are similar in chemical structure to azo dyes, but they lack solubilizing groups. [8] Many so-called azo pigments are not strictly classifiable as azo compounds since they exist as keto hydrazide tautomers, which lack the -N=N- linkage. C.I. Pigment Yellow 12, an azo pigment (also classified as a diarylide pigment).
Azo compounds are organic compounds bearing the functional group diazenyl (R−N=N−R′, in which R and R′ can be either aryl or alkyl groups).. IUPAC defines azo compounds as: "Derivatives of diazene (diimide), HN=NH, wherein both hydrogens are substituted by hydrocarbyl groups, e.g. PhN=NPh azobenzene or diphenyldiazene.", where Ph stands for phenyl group. [1]
A similar palladium cycle but with different scenes and actors is observed in the Wacker process. Heck Reaction Mechanism This cycle is not limited to vinyl compounds, in the Sonogashira coupling one of the reactants is an alkyne and in the Suzuki coupling the alkene is replaced by an aryl boronic acid and in the Stille reaction by an aryl ...
This method can also be used with primary diazoalkanes, to produce secondary α-diazo ketones. However, there are many limitations. Primary diazoalkanes undergo azo coupling to form azines; thus the reaction conditions must be altered such that acid chloride is added to a solution of diazoalkane and triethylamine at low temperature.
The term aldol condensation is also commonly used, especially in biochemistry, to refer to just the first (addition) stage of the process—the aldol reaction itself—as catalyzed by aldolases. However, the first step is formally an addition reaction rather than a condensation reaction because it does not involve the loss of a small molecule.